Prasun Barua

A transformer is an essential device in electrical engineering, widely used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. By changing voltage levels, transformers enable safe power transmission across vast distances, making them vital in power grids and various electrical devices. This article provides a detailed explanation of how transformers work, including their principles, types, and applications. Table of Contents Introduction Basics of Transformers Working Principle Transformer Equations Types of Transformers Applications of Transformers Conclusion FAQ Basics of Transformers A transformer consists of primary and secondary coils (windings) and a magnetic core. The primary winding connects to the power source, while the secondary winding connects to the load. When alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil, it generates a magnetic field, which induces a voltage in the secondary coil due to Faraday’s

Modern vehicles rely heavily on electrical systems for efficient operation, performance, and safety. From powering the engine to controlling the lights, audio systems, and security features, electrical systems in vehicles are diverse and sophisticated. This article explores the primary types of electrical systems used in automotive applications, detailing their purpose and functionality in modern vehicles. Table of Contents Powertrain Systems Lighting Systems Infotainment and Communication Systems Safety and Security Systems Comfort and Convenience Systems Charging and Energy Storage Systems Conclusion FAQ Powertrain Systems The powertrain system is the heart of a vehicle's performance. This system includes components such as the battery, alternator, and starter motor, which work together to deliver power to the engine and other critical parts. In electric and hybrid vehicles, the powertrain also includes electric motors and controllers that are essential